长期定位施肥对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响

EFFECTS OF LONG TERM LOCATED FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON THE CROPS YIELD AND THE SOIL FERTILITY

在无石灰性潮土上进行12年定位施肥试验。结果表明,以有机肥与无机氮肥配合施用对冬小麦和夏玉米的肥效最好。有机氮与无机氮之比,冬小麦为1.6:1,夏玉米为1.25:1。每年施含氮9.2～18.4kg的有机肥,配合施含氮9.2～18.4kg的无机氮肥,平均每年增加土壤有机质0.04％～0.06％,全氮量0.001％～0.003％,碱解氮2.4ppm左右,有效磷0.083～0.79ppm,有效钾0.66～1.48ppm,而全磷量与土壤缓效钾略有增加。经多元逐步回归分析各土壤养分因素,以土壤碱解氨对冬小麦和夏玉米产量贡献最大。有机肥与无机氮肥配合施用能增加土壤脲酶,土壤磷酸酶与土壤蔗糖酶活性。这些酶的活性与土壤养分呈极显著正相关。氮磷钾肥配合施用也有较好的肥效,氮磷肥配合对冬小麦的效果优于氮钾肥配合,而对夏玉米则是氮钾肥优于氮磷肥。

It was shown the best results were from the manure mixed with inorganic N-Fertilizer on winter wheat and summer corn during 12 years of long term located fertilizers applica- tion experiments on no-limy-Aquic soil.The ratios of manure and inorganic N-fertilizer were 1.6 to 1 for winter wheat,1.25 to 1 for summer corn.Applying manure(9.2%～ 18.8%N)and inorganic N-fertilizer(9.2%～18.4% N)to the same field every year had the average effects of increasing the soil organic matter to 0.04%～0.06%,the soil total N.to 0.001%～0.003%,the soil alkali hydrolysis N.to 2.4 ppm,the soil available phosphorous to 0.083～0.79ppm,the soil available K.to 0.66～1.84ppm.And the soil slow-release K.and the soil total P.were more stable and increasing slightly.It was indicated that the soil alkali hydrolysis N.contributed greatly to the yield of winter wheat and sum- mer corn,according to multivariate stepwise regression analysis of soil nutrients.The activi- ties of the soil urea enzyme,the soil sucrose enzyme and the soil phosphric acid enzyme could be increased when manure mixed with inoganic-N.fertilizer was applied.There were extremely positive significant correlations between soil nutrieats and the activities of these enzymes.The combination of N.with P.had better effect on winter wheat than N-K but N-K was better than N-P on summer corn.