石油分散剂BP-1100X对海洋围隔生态系的影响研究

THE EFFECTS OF BP-1100X DISPERSANT AND DISPERSED SHENGLI CRUDE OIL ON THE ECOSYSTEM——MARINE ECOSYSTEM ENCLOSURE EXPERIMENT

在分散剂作用下,围隔水体中浮游动物种群数量明显减少,浮游植物因捕食压力不大而诱发“赤潮”.分散的原油在围隔水体中的生态效应变得不明显,细菌生物量和生产力在实验前期比对照组高,后期则随原油降解而波动,这表明微生物积极参与了原油的降解活动。实验揭示,由于添加物的毒性作用促成的生态系的不平衡,也可最终导致“赤潮”发生。

A 28 day marine ecosystem enclosure experiment using BP-1100X dis-persant and dispersed Shengli crude oil as addictive was conducted in Xiamen, China, in December 1989. The enclosures used were composed of 4 barrels, which,based on nutrient addation, barrels C1 and C2 were assigned as controls, barrel DB was added with BP-1100X (1.0mg/1) and barrel BO, was added with a mixture of BP-1100X (1.0mg/1) and Shengli crude oil (10 mg/1), The results showed that the ecological processes were basically the same as those in the controls while zooplanktonic population was evidently depressed due to the effect of dispersant in DB where the reduced grazing pressure on phytoplankton encouraged an algalbloom. There was no obvious effect in barrel BO because of mixed dispersant and oil. Compared with the controls, bacteria biomass and bacteria productivity, were high in the early period oi' experiment and fluctuated afterwards with, the decomposition of crude oil, showing an active microbial degradation.The experiment demostra-ted that the phenomena of red tide could result from ecosystem unbalance caused by the toxicity of additive materails.