南岭植物区系的研究

STUDIES ON THE FLORA OF NANLING MOUNTAIN RANGE

南岭东西横亘于福建、江西、广东、湖南、广西和贵州六省区边境山地。地理位置当约24°30′～26°30′N,109°～116°E。面积达4.5余万平方公里。南岭山地是中国南部重要的自然地理界线,其植物区系在中国以及亚洲植物区系中占有非常重要的位置。本文对南岭山地植物区系的组成、地理成分以及与邻近区域植物区系的联系等进行了分析研究,探讨了南岭山地植物区系的性质、起源及其在中国和世界植物区系区划中的地位。

The characteristic and dominant families comprising the fora and vegetation of Nanling inclde mainly pinaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Tetracentraceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Magnoliaceae, Laraceae, Sargentodoxaceae, Chloranthaceae, Theaceae, Actinidiaceae, Stachraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Betulaceae, Corlaceae, Fagaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Aceraceae, Juglandaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Pyrolaceae, Styracaceae, Symplocaceae, Phrymaceae, Petrosaiaceae and Bambsoidae; etc. Most of the Cathaysian landmass in Mesozoic era acqired relatively stable environment which was mush superior to other continents after lifted up entirely from the sea since Triassic and suitable for the breeding of flonering flora. Most fossils of primitive Pteriophtes, Pterosperms and Spermatophytes could have been found there. In addition, the modern Cathaysisn flora not only concentrate plenty of Srchaic and relic Taxa, but possesses primitive representatives and a relatively complete network of phylogeny, Therefore the Cathasian landmass seems to be not only the cradle of the Chinese and Asiatic flora, but also would be one of the possible centre for the origin of the Global flora. The traditional floristic divisions of the world inclded the tropical area in the Palaeotropical Kingdom (Palaeotropics), leaving the sbtropical area to the Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctics). As a result, the Chinese flora trns out to be an admixtre of floristic elements from Palaeotropical and Holarctic floras, this does not accord sharphy with the reality that the Chinese of Asiatic flora is a integrity and indigenos to the Cathasian landmass, and shold be divided into a integrate floristic kingdom-Cathaysian Kingdom, which is composed of Eastern Asiatic Region, Malesian Region and Indo-Himalaya Region. The flora of Nanling, with close relation to those of Southern, Southwestern, Centhwestern, Central and Eastern China, is also characteristic of floristic transition from tropical to temperate elements. However, the flora is characterized by sch dominant elements. The existence of such endemic genera and a great deal of endemic species, furthur supports the floristic division of Nanling into Nanling Province. In comparison, this floristic province is relatively rich in tropical elements and should be included, together with Lingnan Province which is the south of it, in the Southern Chinese subregion Eastern Asiatic Region, Cathasian Kingdom.