农业发展类型变化的经济学分析

An Economics Analysis on the Changes of Agricultural Development Types

农业发展的过程 ,是在人口增长和人均自然资源禀赋下降的诱致下 ,通过技术和制 度创新 ,实现相对丰富的自然资源对相对稀缺的自然资源的替代 ,人造资本、人力资本对 自然资本替代的过程。人类采用的农业技术的可持续性有强弱之分 ,一种技术所需的特 定条件越严格 ,其可持续性越弱 ,反之亦然。持续性较强的技术和制度对持续性相对较弱 的技术和制度的替代能力越强 ,农业的可持续性越高。

The agricultural development is a replacement process of relatively richer resources to poorer resources, which is realized by technology innovation and institution innovation under the induction of popular growth and natural resource endowment decreasing. The sustainability of some agricultural technologies is stronger, and some others is weaker, in the former condition, agricultural development can realize the stronger sustainability, but in the later condition, it is contrary.