海损事故和塑性力学

AVERAGE ACCIDENT AND PLASTICITY

介绍了1985—1986年华东某省海损事故情况及1977—1985年全国海损事故统计情况。在分析了大量的海损事故原始报告的情况下,总结了海损事故发生的原因及其严重后果,并设想了有效的防撞设计方法。笔者通过对大量船体碰撞后的变形研究,提出了子块结构假设,这为正确确定力学计算模型提供了原则性指导。此外笔者还统计了多条船舶无破洞凹陷变形实际尺寸的凹深与凹面最小尺寸的比值,其最大值可作为塑性变形能估计的参数。本文对减少海损事故和杜绝沉船事故的发生将有一定的参考价值。

The paper gives the statistics about average accidents which took place in a certain province of East China from 1985 to 1986 and in all over the country from 1977 to 1985. By analyzing a large number of original records about average accidents, we summarize their causes and the serious results, and present an effective design technique to prevent ship-bodies from collision, Through plenty of research on ship-bodies deformations which result from colliding, substructure assumption is presented. It is the principle for determining the mechanics model. In addition, according to the studies of depression deformation of many ship-bodies without hole after collision, the depth with respect to the smallest size of hollow surface can be found. This article is of great value for reference to decrease average accidents and the occurcncc of shipwrcch can be avoided.