摘要
膨润土是一种以含蒙脱石为主的粘土。蒙脱石是由两层硅氧四面体类一层铝氧八面体为构造单元组成的层状硅酸盐矿物。其结构上有两个特点:①晶脆同靠范德华力接触,作用力较弱;②四面体中部分Si^4+可补A1~3+取代,八面体中A1~2+可被Fe^3+、Mg^2+、Za。~2+等离子取代。结构由离子交换的结果,使晶层表面带负电,前者使水分子易于进入晶脆间发生膨胀;后者使粘土颗粒表面能自发地吸附反电荷的正离子。这样的结构特点使膨润土表现出极大的膨胀性和较好的吸附性。膨润土的工业利用是从两组基本性能中得来的,第一组性能是从原料的结晶学中获得,如粘合力、吸附力、分散力、填充力和静电性能;而第二组基本性能是从物理化学成份中获得,即离子交换能量、催化性能,形成有机衍生物的能力和产生新的晶相以及产生特殊的化学物质和建筑材料的可能性。石油钻探、地质勘探利用其分散力、填充、吸收作用,作为增粘降失水剂。
The reserves of bentonites in Jilin province are abundant,and the ore is easy to be mined.At present,the demanb of bentonites has been increasing year by year in domestic anb overseas markets,so,it is necessary to cary out the research of the development anb utilization of Jilin bentonite. This article diseussea the utilization of Jiutai Ca-bentonite anb Liufangzi Na-bentonite.After being artificially upgraded,being used as drilling mate- rials,they reach the wolrd standard(API).So far,it may be realistic that the processed Jilin bentonite acting as good drilling mud materials for com- petition of international markets. In the light of the characteristics of Jilin bentonites,the authors propo- se an organic assistant called NJG,which is suitable to the beneficiating of the Jiutai artificial Na-bentonite and Liufangzi Na-bentonite,showing a production line for processing API grade bentonite product.It would have greatly competitive ability in international markets. In addition,the authors analyse the effects of the reaction condition to the cation exchange reaction between Jiutai Co-bentonite and Na_2CO_3, and also analyse the function of organic assistant NJG in Jiutai bentonite beneficiating.
出处
《吉林地质》
1989年第4期26-32,共7页
Jilin Geology
