稳态噪声作业工人听力损失与噪声接触的剂量-反应关系

Dose-response relationship between steady noise and hearing loss in exposed workers

目的 研究稳态噪声作业工人的听力损失发生状况以及影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究方法 ,以参加稳态噪声作业一年或一年以上的无耳病史的 481名工人为研究对象 ,调查年龄、性别、噪声作业的工龄、听力损失情况和作业场所噪声强度。结果 作业工人听力损失的发生率为 11 9% (按人数计 )。听力损失者与非听力损失者噪声强度、接噪工龄和接噪指数的分布差别有显著意义 (P均小于 0 0 5 )。而且与听力损失的危险性存在剂量 反应关系。结论 噪声强度、接噪工龄和接噪指数是影响作业工人听力的主要因素 ,特别是接噪指数能较全面反映作业工人噪声接触水平。

Objective To understand the incidence of hearing loss in the workers exposed to steady noise and its risk factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 employees exposed to steady noise for one year or more without any ear disorder.Their age,sex and hearing were investigated and noise level in the workplace were monitored.Results Incidence of hearing loss was 11 9% in the workers exposed to noise.There was significant difference in noise level between the workplaces where those with and without hearing loss worked and in length of exposure to noise and index of exposure to noise between workers with and without hearing loss(P<0 05),in a dose-response pattern.Conclusions Noise level,length of exposure to noise and index of noise exposure are major factors causing hearing loss in the workers exposed to noise,and especially the index of noise exposure can be used to reflect the level of their exposure in a more perfect way.