大气折光对角度观测的影响

Effect of Atmospheric Refraction on Angle Observation

大气折光是高精度测角产生误差的主要因素.本文结合实测试验资料,分析了局部区域内温度梯度分布特点和变化规律,讨论了它们对水平角观测的影响.此外,通过几种数学模型平差三角高程成果的研究,表明合理的平差模型对减弱折光影响有显著作用,为获得精确的三角高程值,对不同环境条件下测得的竖直角成果,需用不同的模型进行解算.

Atmospheric refraction is one of primary error sources in precision observation of angles. With the help of observed data, this paper analyses the distribution of temperature gradient in Local areas and discusses the effect on observation horizontal angles. Besides, through the study of adjutment of triangulated height with some mathematical models, this paper shows that the logical adjustment model plays an obvious role in decreasing the refraction effect. In order to obtain the accurate value of triangulated height different models should be used to solve vertical data observed in different conditions.