背越式跳高动作仿真研究

Computer Simulation of the motion of Fosbury Flop

根据多体动力学原理,建立背越式跳高运动的人体力学模型和数学模型,进行计算机仿真研究,揭示了运动全过程的运动生物力学规律.分析研究表明:运动员在倒二、倒一步助跑和起跳的缓冲阶段,人体重心位置都向前向下移动,其水平和垂直速度变化趋势亦基本一致.蹬地开始后的前0.02秒内人体重心水平速度均突然下降,然后逐渐上升.其垂直速度则是逐渐上升,而后期下降.正由于这三个运动技术阶段的落地、蹬地姿态各不相同,导致它们的运动生物力学特性各有特色.这与国外优秀运动员的影片解折结果基本一致.本研究可为运动员的科学训练,提高成绩提供理论依据.

In this paper a mechanical model and a mathematical model have been established for the motion of Fosbury Flop, and Compater simulation has been conducted according to theoretical Dynamics of Rigid Bodies. The kinetic biomechanics characteristics (KBC) have been revealed. During the buffering of the last-but one-and last-stride of approach run and the Commencing, the position of mass center of the high jumper moves along and steps down, the velocity changes much the same too. Within 0.02 second from the driving of the above phase, the horizontal velocity and mass center are lowered suddenly, However, the vertical velocity increases slowly. These initial postures arc different in the three phases so that their KBC is different, and this is consistent with the film analysis results of outstanding sportsmen. The coach and technologist can judge the motion of the high jumper from reflected KBC, and then design a set of preliminary kinetechic schemes for him, This paper provides a theoreetical basis for the coach to realize action optimization.