三门峡盆地第四纪古地理演变与古人类活动

QUATERNARY PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVOLUTIONARY AND PALEOHUMAN ACTIVITIES IN SANMENXIA BASIN

三门峡盆地位居黄河中游,环境的演进与古人类的活动有着密切关系。早更新世,三门峡盆地为湖盆区,在盆边林缘地带发展了西侯度文化;中更新世,盆地内山前洪积扇面积扩大,湖盆缩小,扇前近水地带发展了匼河—丁村文化;晚更新世,湖水消失,黄河出现,黄土堆积的山麓与河谷两岸阶地上,发展了许家窑文化;全新世,大陆性季风明显,黄土丘陵与河谷阶地区发展了仰韶文化、龙山文化与人类社会历史时期。可见,盆地区古人类活动历史已长达200万年左右。而且,人类的发展、迁徙与古地理环境的演进也是有着密切关系。

Paleogeographic environmental changes have strongly influenced the deve-lopment of ancient Chinese cultures, during the last two million years, in the banmenxia (the Three-gate Gorge) Basin of the middle reaches ot the Huanghe River (the Yellow River) valley,the birthplace of ancient Chinese civiljsat ion and the cradle of the Chinese nation.In this faut-sink basin,a vast coverage of lake waters existed in early Pleistocene and the Xihoudu Culture developed in forelt-margin zones at the basin edge Alluvial fans expanded and lake area contracted in middle Plei stocne and the Kehe-Dingcun Culture developed in fore-fan near-shore zones. Lake water disappered and the Huanghe River emerged in late Pleistocene and the Xujiayao Culture developed on loessal foot slopes and river terraces. Continental monsoon prevailed in Holocene and the Yangshao Culture, the Longshan Culture and historic Chinese Cultures developed on loessal hills and in terraced river valleys.