美国劳动力市场的运行机制

Operational System of the US Labor Market

美国劳动力供求的联系主要是通过报纸、就业辅导机构、人际关系、自荐等形式实现的。工资的确定取决于就业岗位的社会平均工资水平、公司通常对某职位给付的工资水平、求职者原有的工资水平、谈判能力、工作业绩等。美国的工资在不同行业、不同职业、不同地区、不同性别、不同种族之间表现出一定的差距，但总体差距保持在３倍以内，造成这种差距的主要原因是教育程度、工作条件、经济发展水平和物价水平的差距以及种族和性别歧视。

Abstract In ths United States the link between demand and request of labors is established through newspapers,career advisory agency,personal relation and self recommendation.Decisions on salary are based on the average salary of the position,the usual salary offered by the company for that position,the previous salary of the applicant,ability of negotiation,attainment in the job and so on.Differences in salary exist,though kept within 3 times,because of difference in profession, job,area,sex,or race.The major reasons that account for these differences are differences in educational background,working conditions,level of economic development,price,and discrimination of race and sex.