改变授粉时间对半多育型玉米杂交种果穗性状及^(14)C同化物分配的影响

Effects of Changing Pollination Time on Characters of Ears and ^(14)C Assimilate Partition in Semi Prolific Maize

本研究以半多育型玉米杂交种农大高光效 1号为材料 ,以套袋方式控制上、下果穗的授粉时间 ,探讨其对不同库位果穗性状及 14 CO2 同化物分配的影响。结果表明 ,改变穗库间的授粉时间后 ,尤其是第 2果穗早于第 1果穗 3d的授粉处理 ,明显提高第 2果穗的库强 ,有利于双穗均衡、同步生长发育 ;改变穗库的授粉时间使双果穗在穗长、穗粒数、穗重以及 14 CO2 同化物的分配上都较自然授粉明显增加。由此认为 ,玉米在扩大单株库容、提高单株产量上还有很大潜力 ,关键是采取育种、化控。

A semi prolific maize hybrid, Nongda Gaoguangxiao 1, was used to study the effects of controlling pollinatial time on characters of the ear and 14 C assimilate partition by bagging the apical and subapical ear. The results showed that it was benefited to the balanced and synchronic development of the two ears through the shifting of pollination time, i.e, the subapical ear was pollinated 3 days earlier than the apical one. The length, number of kernels and weight of the two ears increased and the assimilate partition improved for the early pollinatial treatments in contrast with control. This fact suggested that there ware lots of potential to increase the sink size and its yield of one plant of maize. It was critical to solve the synchronized silking and pollination of the two ears by breeding, chemical control and culture measures.