高黎贡山自然保护区东坡垂直带蚂蚁群落研究

Study on the Ant Communities of the Vertical Band on East Slope of the Gaoligongshan Mountains Nature Reserve

研究了高黎贡山自然保护区东坡北段、中北段、中南段、南段垂直带蚂蚁群落及其物种多样性。高黎贡山自然保护区东坡垂直带上蚂蚁群落具有明显的规律性。随海拔升高蚂蚁群落优势种数目普遍递减 ,优势种所占比例递增 ,物种数目和个体密度递减。随海拔升高 ,优势度指数普遍递增 ,物种多样性指数和均匀度指数递减。同时观察到了一些例外。在北段云南松林出现的优势度指数偏高 ,优势种数目、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数偏低例外与植被为纯林有关 ,而该处物种数目和个体密度偏高例外与边缘效应有关。中南段季风常绿阔叶林出现的优势度指数偏高 ,优势种数目、个体密度和物种多样性指数偏低与植被片断化有关。中北段和中南段山体上部出现的优势种所占比例和优势度指数偏低、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数偏高情况与植被保持原始林状态有关。在保护区东坡 4个地段垂直带上 ,蚂蚁群落之间的相似性系数几乎均在 0～ 0 .2 5之间 ,处于极不相似水平。只有中北段东坡旱冬瓜林与季风常绿阔叶林蚂蚁群落相似性系数达到 0 .2 5～ 0 .50范围 ,即中等不相似水平。

Ant communities and their species diversity of the vertical band on east slope of the Gaoligongshan Mountains Nature Reserve are studied. The ant communities of the vertical band have obvious regularity on east slope of the nature reserve. Along with the altitude increasing, the number of dominant species of ant communities commonly decreases, but the percentage of dominant species increases. The quantity of species and individual density decrease with the altitude increasing. Along with altitude increasing, predominant index generally increases, but species diversity index and evenness index decrease. Some exceptions are also observed. The exceptional high predominant index and extraordinary low dominant species quantity, species diversity index and evenness index found in the Pinus yunnanensis forest at north section are related to the condition of the vegetation being a pure forest, however the extremely high species quantity and individual density of the forest are due to the marginal effect. The exceptional high predominant index and specially low dominant species quantity, individual density and species diversity index in the monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest at middle south section are caused by fragmentation of the vegetation. In contrast, the comparatively lower percentage of dominant species and predominant index, and the relatively higher species diversity index and evenness index in the upper portion of the mountain at middle north and middle south sections are related to the vegetation keeping a virgin forest state. Similarity coefficients between ant communities of the vertical band at all the 4 sections on east slope of the nature reserve are almost all in the range of 0～0.25 which representing an extremely dissimilar level. Only the similarity coefficient between ant communities of the Alnus nepalensis forest and monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest reaches the range of 0.25～0.50 which being a moderate dissimilar level.