云南小江泥石流与泥石流滩地开发

XIAOJIANG DEBRIS FLOW AND ITS BOTTOMLAND EXPLOITATION IN YUNNAN,SOUTHWEST CHINA

小江泥石流位于云南省东北部 ,属暴雨型泥石流 ,是中国四大泥石流作用区之一。 2 0世纪 5 0年代以来 ,共成灾 40余次 ,直接经济损失 70 0 0余万元 ,已成为阻碍当地经济发展的大患。本流域泥石流是地质环境和气候环境变异以及人类经济活动叠加形成的地质灾害 ,其活动机理包括固体松散物源形成、河流加剧冲刷切坡、强降雨或地震诱发泥石流等 3个过程。泥石流防治的根本在于控制山地荒漠化并恢复植被与生态环境。然而 ,要退耕还林就必须开发泥石流滩地 ,以安置坡地区居民 ,开发工程不仅要先治理泥石流沟谷 ,而且还要治理河床。小江农场是小江泥石流滩地开发的成功典范 ,其成功的基本条件总结 ,为泥石流滩地开发研究提供了宝贵的经验。

Located in northeast Yunnan, Xiaojiang debris flow, which behaves as rainstorm type, is regarded as one of the largest debris flow in China More than forty disasters have been taken place since 1949, which directly resulted in economic losses of 70 million yuan and became a deadly factor holding back the local economic development The debris flow is formed by the variation in geological and climatic environment, and human economic activity in Xiaojiang area The mechanism of debris flow includes three processes, i e preparing unconsolidated material, increasing river erosion and triggering such as occurring storm or earthquake The fundamental prevention of debris flow is to control over upland desertion and to recover vegetation and ecological environment However, not only the valley of debris flow, but also the riverbed should be conquered before the bottomland could be utilized in order to settle the upland dweller As a successful example, Xiaojiang farm offers a valuable experience for the bottomland exploitation