民用燃煤烟尘特征及环境矿物材料固硫剂开发

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL COAL DUSTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MINERALOGICAL MATERIALS USED FOR DESULFURIZATION

通过对北京某地区居民炊事用型煤和散装烟煤煤岩和元素分析 ,表明烟煤和型煤含碳量分别为 70 %和 5 9% ,烟煤中可燃性高变质活性组分为 87% ,而型煤有较高的粘土成分 ,约达 2 0 %。对它们燃烧产生的烟尘进行物相分析、组分定量、粒度测试、显微形貌和微观结构等矿物学研究 ,表明型煤和烟煤的烟尘均含有较高碳质组分 ,分别占 2 5 %和 2 8% ;烟煤烟尘只有型煤烟尘含更高的烧蚀残渣 ,两者的粘土 (包括石英等矿物 )类组分均相当多 ,约占 5 0 % ;烟尘平均粒径都很小 ,型煤烟尘只有烟煤烟尘的 1/ 4左右 ,约为 6 5 μm ,而比表面积大 2倍多 ;烟煤烟尘呈碎屑状 ,型煤烟尘为粉末状 ;烟尘中均含有较多的均质体 ,并有铁质侵染现象 ;石英小颗粒在烟尘中大量存在。为促使燃煤充分燃烧 ,达到固硫、助燃和降尘的目的 ,本实验室开发研制了效果良好的民用燃煤环境矿物材料固硫添加剂 ,并对山东肥城高硫烟煤进行了型煤固硫实验 ,在 85 0℃ ,95 0℃和 10 5 0℃燃烧条件下固硫率高于目前国内同类水平 ,固硫率达 70 % 80 %。

Local coal stove produces much smoke during cooking and warming, which causes the living environmental pollution. In order to evaluate its impacts, the authors have collected much data about the briquette and bituminous used in some places in Beijing, especially, the dusts’ characteristics of briquette and bituminous were investigated by optical microscope, X\|Ray diffraction(XRD),laser size analysis instrument and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data include the elements and compositions of coal, temperature distribution of the stove, dusts’ compositions, and dusts’ size distribution. The analyses show that the content of carbon is 70% in bituminous, and 59% in briquette; the high metamorphosed active content in bituminous is 87%, and the clay component in briquette is 20%; the highest temperature in the stove reaches 1000℃; the coal dust has high carbon content, which is 25% in briquette dust, and 28% in bituminous dust ; the clay component is as much as 50% in each dust; the briquette dust has lesser average granule size, which is about 6.5 μm, but the bituminous dust’s size is 4 times as much as that of the briquette dust. Dust’s microfeatures and microstucture have been studied and discussed by mineralogical methods. The authors discovered that scraping grain structure lies in bituminous and tiny powder grain structure in briquette; higher homogeneous content, minute quartz grain, and iron component lie in each dust. In order to reduce the dust and SO 2 gas during combustion, the authors have developed a new desulfurizing additive agent consisted of environmental mineral materials, which is of high efficiency that reaches 70%~80% when burning in 850℃,950℃ and 1050℃.