国内外对天体撞击地球的撞击构造研究的新进展

REVIEW OF THE RECENT PROGRESSES ON IMPACT STRUCTURES IN CHINA AND ABROAD

以 31届国际地质大会有关论文为基础 ,综述了国内外撞击构造研究的最新进展 ,分 4个方面 :(1)新的撞击坑发现与报道 :除已知的 145个之外 ,还有巴西的 14个撞击坑 ,其中 7个目前已经证实 ;蒙古的 2 0个撞击坑 ,其中 11个已经证实 ;中国自 2 0世纪 70年代以来发现和报道的 8个撞击坑和对它们的研究简况。 (2 )撞击构造与地球演化 :涉及到地球的起源 ,天体撞击在地球形成中的作用 ,撞击周期 ,撞击与地磁 ,地轴变动的关系 ,撞击作用与板块构造 ,撞击与地球内动力的关系 ,太阳系其他行星上的撞击作用对比。 (3)撞击构造研究方法 :包括对复杂撞击坑中心隆起的深钻研究成果 ,对海洋巨型撞击坑的地震测量 ,撞击熔岩的分异与蚀变的物理化学实验计算 ,深部流体与撞击作用的研究进展 ,撞击压力测量的新方法 ,撞击变质作用在矿物学上的进展 ,撞击数学模型的建立与应用。 (4 )撞击构造与经济矿产 :包括金刚石 ,宝玉石 ,Au ,Ag ,Cu ,Ni,Co ,Se ,Te ,Pb ,Zn ,PGE ,REE ,U ,Th等多种元素与矿产以及石油、煤、天然气与撞击构造的关系 ,这些矿产在成因、分布规律、控制作用与撞击构造的关系。

Extracted from the 31st IGC abstracts volume (CD) and pertinent Chinese publications, we present the review on the recent research progresses of meteorite impact structures in China and abroad It falls into 4 topics: (1)Discovery of new impact craters Besides the acknowledged 145 impact craters published by B F French (1998), more craters have been reported in recent years In Brazil, 7 impact craters were definitely confirmed from 14 presumed ones; among the 20 odd ring structures discovered in Mongolia, 11 were verified as impact craters; in addition, 8 claimed impact structures in China reported since 1970's were summarized and reviewed here (2)Impact structures and the evolution of the Earth Concerning the origin of the Earth; the effects of impacts on the formation of the Earth; the impact period; the relationship between impacts and the Earth's magnetism, axis and plate tectonics etc (3)New methods and progresses in the study of impact structure Including deep well drilling in the central uplift of a complex impact structure;3 D simulation of the seismic velocity across a submarine mega crater; advanced physicochemical experimentation on the differentiation and alteration of impact melts; interaction between impacts and deep fluid; measurement of impact pressure; recent achievements on shock metamorphism; impact mathematical modeling and the applications (4)Relationship between impact structures and economic resources Discussing the origin, distribution and control of economic resources which include diamond, precious stone, fossil fuel, and various deposits yielding Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Co, Se, Te, Pb, Zn, PGE, REE, U, Th etc