摘要
生产清洁燃料是目前乃至今后一段相当长的时期世界炼油工业的发展趋势。自20世纪90年代初清洁燃料问世以来,发达国家和部分发展中国家已经推广使用,预计在2005年前后将推广使用超清洁燃料。清洁燃料的生产技术已趋于成熟。升级换代的传统炼油技术已用于生产清洁汽油和清洁柴油,吸附脱硫、生物脱硫、氧化-抽提脱硫等新技术即将工业应用。我国清洁汽油的国家标准已经颁布,在北京、上海、广州三大城市已经推广使用清洁汽油;我国轻柴油新的国家标准即将颁布,预计明年开始实施。但是,我国清洁燃料的主要质量指标与发达国家还有一定差距。为了满足市场需要,减轻汽车尾气排放造成的城市大气污染状况,必须采用多种措施,抓紧提高汽柴油的质量,其中最主要的是调整炼油厂的装置结构;其次是国家标准与国际接轨;三是加强技术创新;四是实施区域优化战略,提高产品质量,降低生产成本。
The production of clean fuels and environmen tally friendly oil products is a long-term trend in the world refinery industry. Since the early 1990's when clean fuels first came out, they have been used in developed countries and in some developing countries as well. It is predicted that the use of super-clean fuels will be widespread by about 2005. Clean fuel production techniques are going to be matured. Traditional refinery technology has been updated and applied to produce clean gasoline and clean diesel. The industry is going to turn to new technologies such as the removal of sulfur by adsorbtion, biodesulfurization and desulfurization through selective oxidation and extraction. In China, a national standard for clean gasoline has been issued. Clean gasoline is in wide use in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. A national standard for diesel is going to be issued and is expected to be put into effect next year. However there is definite gap between the key quality specifications for clean fuel in China and those in force in developed countries. In order to meet the market demand and to reduce air pollution in major cities caused by vehicular exhaust gases, it is necessary to take measures to improve gasoline and diesel oil quality. The most important measure is modification of the structure of refineries. A second one is the linking of domestic standards with international standards. A third measure is the promotion of technical innovation. And the fourth, the implementation of area-optimization strategies, to improve product quality and reduce production costs.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2001年第5期16-21,共6页
International Petroleum Economics
