晚清的三次“自救”及其影响

The Three“Self Salvation”Movements in the Iate Qing Dynasly and Their I nfluence

鸦片战争后，清政府进行了三次“自救”运动，即 洋务运动、戊戌维新、“新政”及“立宪”。晚清的三次“自 救”，是在外国资本主义侵略步步深入、中外反动势力加紧 勾结；汉族官僚势力崛起，清王朝统治逐渐削弱；中国资本主 义和新思想由产生到发展的背景下出现的。晚清三次“自救 ”的目的是为了维护自己的统治，但在客观上刺激了中国资本 主义的产生与发展，促进了新思想的传播，从而加速了清王 朝的灭亡。

After the opium war,the qing government carried out three“self salvation”movements,namly westernization movement,the Reform Movement of 1898 ,and the 103 Days' Reform and Constitutionalism Movement.They emerged in the bac kground of the foreign invasion of capitalism, the collusion of foreign reaction ary forces,and Chinese ones the rising of the bureaucratic forces of the Han nat ionality,the weakening of the rule of the Qing Dynasty and the birth and develop ment of capitalism and new ideas in China.The purpose of the “self salvation ”movements was to defend the rule of the Qing Dynasty,yet they brought about t he emergence and development of China's capitalism promoted the spread of new id eas and thus hastened the collapse of the Qing Dynasty. [