笪重光《画筌》析论

An Analysis of “the Tricks of Painting” by Da Chongguang

笪重光的《画筌》以“从来笔墨之探奇 ,必系山川之写照”表明了“第二自然”必出于“第一自然”的创作宗旨。关于山水画的创作原则 ,是强调胸有全局 ,要注意命意 ,要有构图的总原则 ,要“相机而作”、“离象而求” ,重视“势”与“层次”。《画筌》在理论上的最大贡献 ,在于绘画意境论 ,其关于实境、真境、妙境、神境之论颇有新意 ,对创造意境过程中的心理、感情体验 ,捕捉、促生灵感 ,以及精神状态与艺术手段的诸多辨证关系 。

The Tricks of Painting” by Da Chongguang , which “presents the fantastic effect of the brush and ink, and is certainly the genuine reflection of the mountains and rivers”, makes the principle of painting clear that “the second nature” must come from “the first nature”. The principle of artistic creation of paintings of mountains-and-waters stresses the overall layout of the painting in the mind and the focus on the theme of the painting. With the general structure of the painting in mind, the painter should pain as he thinks fit, should seek the essence and lay emphasis on the momentum and shades. The greatest theoretical contribution of “The Tricks of Painting” is the theory of the mood of painting. The author’s ideas of artistic creation in painting are full of novelty and the dialectical relationship between the painter’s psychology and emotional experience, between the mental state and the artistic media. All these are of considerable aesthetic significance.