干眼症检查的进展

Recent development on diagnostic tests of dry eye

干眼症是导致眼部本适，甚至引起视力障碍的常见病，其病因及病理生理十分复杂。在于眼症的诊断中，传统的泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间、眼表面荧光素染色、虎红染色等检查均存在其不足。近年来于眼症的检查手段得到很大发展，检查方法达数十种之多，不仅提高了此病诊断的准确性，而且可进行病因诊断和病情严重程度的分级。复习了近年来关于传统的和新发展的于眼症检查方面的文献，对各检查方法的原理、优缺点及适应证进行综述。

Dry eye is a kind of common disease that causes eye irritation and visual disability.The etiology of this disease varies and its pathophysiology is very complicated.Conventional diagnostic tests,including Schirmer test,tear break-up time, fluorescent and rose bangle staining of ocular surface can not match the requirement of dry eye diagnosis.Recently,many new examination methods have emerged,which are very helpful for the diagnosis and grading of dry eye and can even differentiate different causes.In this article,both conventional and new developed diagnostic tests of dry eye were presented upon reviewing of recent literatures.The examination methods for dry eye was presented as follows:new findings under slit lamp (mainly about meibomain gland dysfunction and lid-paralled conjunctival fold),the quantity of tear fluid (including tear film thickness,Schirmer I and II test,phenol red impregnated thread test and measurement of tear meniscus),the quality of tear film(including tear osmolarity,some proteins in tear and tear ferning test),the stability of tear film,the clearance of tear(including fluorescent clearance test and tear function index),the lipid layer of tear film,the changes of ocular surface epithelium(including vital staining,impression cytology and conjunctival biopsy)and othe examinations.The principles characteristics and indications of each examination were given briefly.