氢溴酸槟榔硷和槟榔粉动物毒理试验研究

ANIMAL TOXICITY TEST OF ARECOLIINE HYDROBROMIDE AND NUTMEG POWDER

氢溴酸槟榔硷小白鼠经口LD50312.0mg/kg、大白鼠LD50442.4mg/kg，属中等毒性、蓄积系数K=3.2，属中等蓄积，槟榔粉Ames试验、小白鼠嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小白鼠精子畸=1.44,P>0.55)，表明该物质无诱变可能，结果没能显示出嚼槟榔与嚼者口腔粘膜下纤维性变的三致毒性直接联系，但不排除多种刺激因素的协同联合作用，或槟榔渣的长期局部机械刺激作用，或卤水（强硷）所致颊粘膜的烧灼作用。本结果否定了槟榔粉对小白鼠的“三致作用”、与国外某些研究者的肯定结论相反。

LD50 of arecoline hydrobromide was 312.0mg/kg for mouse and 442.4mg/kg for rat which belonged to middle level toxicity the cumulative coefficient K=3.2 also belonged to middle level accumualtion.The results of Ames test of nutmeg powder、polychromatic erythrocytes micronucleus test of mouse and sperm deformation test of mouse were negative.Lymphocyte micronucleus detectable rate of finger一prick blood and no significance of difference between nutmeg chewers and nonchewers showed that this kind of material had no possibility of mutagenesis、no relationship of carcinogenesis、teratogenesis、mutagenesis(CTM)between chewing nutmeg and the fibrous changes for submucous membrane of chewer's mouth.But we can not rule out the synergetic action of several stimulating factors or the longtime local mechanical stimulating effect of nutmeg dregs or the burning effect of buccal mucosa by the bittern(strong alkali).The result gave negative answer on the CTM of nutmeg powder to mouse.It is opposite to the positive result of some foreign researchers.