有氧锻炼对心血管自主神经调节的影响

Effect of Aerobic Training on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation

为研究有氧锻炼对心血管自主神经调节的影响 ,采用动态心电、血压监测技术 ,对 6名男性中长跑运动员和 7名健康男性大学生 6个月长跑训练 (2 0～ 2 5km/周 )前后的下体负压 (LBNP)耐力 ,Valsalva动作的心率、血压反应 ,心率变异性 (HRV) ,血压变异性 (SBPV)以及自发性压力感受器 -心率反射反应的斜率 (BRS)进行了测量。结果表明 ,有氧锻炼可以导致LBNP耐力降低 ,Valsalva动作Ⅱ期舒张压恢复幅度与最大心率值显著减小 ,平卧位HRV谱总功率 (TP)、低频 (LF)与高频 (HF)成分功率呈减小变化 ,平卧位SBPV谱TP、LF成分功率与平均自发性BRS值减小 ,LBNP作用下HRV谱LF/HF值明显增大。说明有氧锻炼可导致心血管自主神经调节功能下降 ,可考虑将上述有关指标变化用于监测有氧锻炼强度以及个体敏感性 ,更科学地对有氧锻炼进行卫生指导。

The effect of aerobic training on cardiovascular autonomic regulation was studied in 6 middle and long distance runners and 7 college students before and after 6 months long distance running training (20-25 km/week). Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) tolerance, heart rate and blood pressure responses to Valsalva manoeuvre, heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and spontaneous baroreflex response slope (BRS) were measured. The results showed that aerobic training could induce decrease in LBNP tolerance, diastolic blood pressure recovery during phase Ⅱ and the maximum of heart rate of Valsalva manoeuvre, the total, low- and high- frequency powers of HRV spectrum,the mean BRS in the supine position, and the total and low- frequency powers of SBPV spectrum in the supine position, increase in LF/HF ratio of HRV spectrum during LBNP. It was suggested that aerobic training resulted in the decrease of cardiovascular autonomic regulatory function. The indices applied in this study can be used to monitor the effect of aerobic training on individual cardiovascular regulation.