深圳市中学生预防艾滋病干预措施评价

Evaluation of Interventions for HIV/AIDS Prevention among Secondary School Students in Shenzhen

目的 探索在中学开展预防艾滋病 (AIDS)有效干预模式及其效果评价。方法 对深圳市 1 0所中学初一、高一学生进行预防艾滋病健康教育干预前后相关知识、态度及行为的变化进行比较。结果 ( 1 )知识方面 :干预后 ,学生预防AIDS基本知识平均得分初一男生由 7.47提高到 1 0 .2 1 (满分为 1 5) ;初一女生从 7.1 7提高到 1 0 .2 1 ;高一男生从 1 0 .30提高到 1 1 .0 9;高一女生从 9.58提高到 1 0 .55。 ( 2 )态度方面 :对待HIV/AIDS患者采取正向态度明显提高 ,男生由 2 2 .6%上升到 34.9% ;女生由 2 4 .4%上升到 41 .5%。 ( 3)行为方面 :同学可以运用更多的信息来源获取有关知识。结论 学校预防AIDS健康教育干预措施可以帮助学生增强抵御HIV/AIDS的能力 ,树立正向的态度 ,但要由知识转变行为还需要一定的时间、综合的干预和社会的多方支持。

Objective To study the effective HIV/AIDS prevention interventions in secondary schools and to evaluate outcomes of the interventions. Methods The changes were analyzed in knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the first grade junior high school students and the first grade senior high school students after interventions for HIV/AIDS prevention at 10 secondary schools in Shenzhen. Results The mean scores in HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge for secondary school students were significantly higher after intervention than before intervention (the first grade male students at junior high schools: from 7.47 to 10.21, the first grade female students at junior high schools: from 7.17 to 10.21, the first grade male students at senior high schools: from 10.30 to 11.09, the first grade female students at senior high schools: from 9.58 to 10.55). There was a significant improvement in attitudes of students toward HIV positive people after intervention (The percentage of males who had supportive attitudes rose from 22.6% to 34.9%; females from 24.4% to 41.5%). The resources from which students obtained the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge were wider after intervention than before intervention. Conclusions The findings of this study suggested that school-based health education on HIV/AIDS prevention is effective in helping students resist HIV/AIDS and in developing their supportive attitude toward HIV positive people. However, the conversion of knowledge to behavior is a long process. A unified plan for HIV/AIDS prevention should be provided, in which HIV education is along with education on health, life skills, and drug abuse. Further efforts of all circles are expected.