汕头大学新生心身障碍及其个性特征研究

University New Students with Psychosomatic Disorders and their Personality Traits in Shantou

目的 探讨大学新生心身障碍的患病率及其个性特征。方法 按不同专业群体分层抽样抽取 541名大学生 ,采用中国心身健康量表和艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)测试 ,以中国心身健康量表各因子至少有 1项T分≥ 70和L量表T分 <70为心身障碍的筛查标准。结果 541例中符合心身障碍入组诊断标准者 49例 ,占全部受试者的 9.1 % ,且女生的检出率 ( 1 3.70 % )较男生高出 1倍 ( 6.70 % ) ,并以皮肤疾病的检出率最高 ( 2 .8% ) ,余依次为神经系统 ( 2 .0 % )、骨骼肌肉系统 ( 1 .7% )、生殖内分泌系统 ( 1 .3% )和焦虑 ( 1 .3% )等 ;心身障碍组EPQ的精神病质和神经质分均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,并有较低的掩饰分 (P <0 .0 5) ;精神病质与精神病性症状、抑郁、焦虑的关系最密切 (r=0 .32 6～ 0 .51 2 ) ;其次是内外向与消化系统和抑郁呈密切负相关 (r分别为 - 0 .2 98,- 0 .2 92 ) ,神经质则与精神病性症状明显正相关(r=0 .453)。结论 在大学新生中 ,女生比男生更易出现各种心身障碍 ,必须有针对性地进行心理干预 ;心身障碍的大学新生具有明显的个性缺陷 ;

Objective To study the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders and personality traits of students with psychosomatic disorders among university new students. Methods 541 students were selected by stratified cluster sampling and were tested using China Psychosomatic Health Scale, EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). The diagnosis criteria of psychosomatic disorder: according to China Psychosomatic Health Scale, T score in one factor at least≥70 and T score in Lie <70. Results Among 541 students, 49(9.1%) were diagnosed as psychosomatic disorder; females had the prevalence (13.70%) twice as high as males (6.70%). Scores in psychoticism (EPQ-P) and neurotism (EPQ-N) for students with psychosomatic disorder were higher than the normal controls significantly ( P < 0.01), but score in lie (EPQ-L) was lower than the latter ( P <0.05). EPQ-P was positively correlated to psychiatric symptom, depression and anxiety( r =0.326～- 0.512 ), extrosion(EPQ-E) was negatively correlated to digestive symptom( r =-0.298) and depression( r =-0.292), EPQ-N was positively correlated to psychiatric symptom. Conclusions Females have more much psychosomatic disorders than males among university new students. The university students with psychosomatic disorders have obvious personality deficiency. EPQ-P and EPQ-E are closely related to psychosomatic disorder.