317例儿童不明原因发热的临床分析

Clinical Analysis of 317 Children with Fever of Unknown Origin

目的 探讨儿童不明原因发热 (FUO)的病因 ,诊断方法和思维方式。方法 回顾性地总结分析1996年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月符合FUO诊断标准的住院患儿 317例。结果 317例中明确诊断有 2 98例 ,确诊率为94.0 %。感染性疾病 16 0例 (5 3 .7% ) ,非感染性疾病 138例 (4 6 .3 % ) ,两者之比为 1.15∶1。最终确定诊断的方法分别为 :临床综合诊断 140例 (4 7.0 % ) ;血清和骨髓细菌培养检查 6 4例 (2 1.5 % ) ;组织活检 37例 (12 .4% ) ;影像学检查 35例 (11.7% ) ;尸体解剖 11例 (3 .7% ) ;骨髓形态学确诊 6例 (1.9% ) ;回顾性诊断 5例 (1.7% )。结论 根据临床经过和必要的实验室检查大部分FUO病例可以明确病因诊断 ,病理学检查对疑难病例的诊断提供重要依据 ,极少数病人最终只能依赖尸检明确诊断。感染性疾病。

Objective To review the etiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and the methods used to establish a diagnosis. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of 317 patients with FUO admitted between January, 1996 and December, 2000 was performed. Results Of the 317 children, 298 cases ( 94.0% ) had a definitive etiology established. Of the 298 cases, 160 ( 53.7% ) had infectious diseases and non infectious diseases, such as collagen vascular disease, and neoplasm which accounted for a large fraction of the remainder. A diagnosis was established in 140 ( 47.0% ) by comprehensive clinical analysis alone. Culture of bacteria in serum and biopsy specimens established a diagnosis in 64 cases ( 21.5% ) and 37 cases ( 12.4% ), respectively. Non invasive imaging techniques (35 cases; 11.7% ), autopsy (11 cases; 3.7% ), bone marrow examination (6 cases; 1.9% ) and retrospective diagnosis (5 cases; 1.7% ) accounted for the remainder of the diagnosis. Conclusions Most cases of FUO can be diagnosed by clinical characteristics of the patients and by essential laboratory studies. Pathological examination is very important in diagnosing the etiology of FUO. Infectious diseases, collagen vascular disease and neoplasm are the major causes of FUO in children.