中国运载火箭技术的成就与展望

The Achievement and Prospect of China Launch Vehicle Technology

中国长征火箭完全依靠中国人自己的力量 ,取得了举世瞩目的成就。目前已形成了包括1 2种火箭在内的长征系列火箭群体 ,可用于发射近地轨道、太阳同步轨道和地球同步转移轨道的多种卫星 ;已进行了 64次发射 ,将 72个航天器成功送入地球轨道 ,其中包括 2 7颗国外卫星 ;火箭总体技术性能接近或达到国际一流水平 ,在国际商业卫星发射市场上具有一定的竞争力 ;带动了国民经济相关行业的发展。中国运载火箭将进一步提高可靠性、适应性 ,缩短发射周期 ,优化火箭型谱 ,开发研制新一代无毒、无污染、高性能、低成本的运载火箭 ,进一步提高参与国际商业发射服务的能力。中国还应研制和探索可重复使用运载火箭技术 ,从根本上降低成本 ,提高可靠性 。

China has made great achievements in the development and launching of Long March launch vehicles depending on Chinese people themselves. The Long March launch vehicle series has 12 types. They can be used in launching satellites of LEO, SSO and GTO. The Long March launch vehicles have been launched 64 times, and 72 spacecrafts have been injected into earth orbits including 27 foreign satellites. Their overall performance approximates or reaches the international advanced level, and they have gained certain share in the international launching service market. The development of Long March launch vehicle have promoted the development of other related industries. In the future, the reliability and adaptability of China launch vehicles will be improved, launch cycle will be shortened, the rocket type spectrum will be optimized, and new nontoxic and no pollution launch vehicle with high performance and low cost will be developed to raise ability of international commercial launching service. Also, China should develop and explore reusable rocket to reduce cost throughly, to raise reliability, and to promote launch vehicle technology.