温度对蜘蛛个体发育的影响

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON SPIDER ONTOGENY

从我国农田常见20种蜘蛛的温度实验材料中找出,温度对蜘蛛胚胎期、幼蛛历期、幼蛛存活率、产卵前期、世代历期、成蛛寿命、幼蛛蜕皮次数和蜘蛛抗逆能力影响的一般规律和种间的差异。进而把蜘蛛分为不抗高温、中抗高温和高抗高温三种类型。为保护利用和人工大量饲养蜘蛛提供依据。

The effects of temperature on spider development from the experiment results of twenty spider species were showed as follows: (1) time spans of embryo stage. Spiderling stage. Preovipo-sition period and the whole generation are negatively relative to temperature from 15 0 to 32℃ or to 35 C ; (2) the inflection - point - temperatures exist obviously in all spiderling stage,preoviposition period and the whole generation but that of embryo stage in most spider is not distinct; (3) the adaptive range to temperature in embryo stage is wider than in the others stages; (4) the optimun temperature of development is different in species and the spiders can be divided into three types, Ⅰ. non-resistance to high temperature type (optimun temperature below 30℃) e.g. Erigonidium (?) nani-waense, Odeothorax insecticeps and Ornithoctonus huivenia; Ⅱ.moderate - resistence to high temperature type (optimum temperature from 30 ℃ to 34 ℃ ) eg. Pardosa astrigera, P. pseudoannulata,Pirata tenuisetaceus,P. piraticus,Dictyna uncinate and Erigonidium graminirolum; Ⅲ ,resistence to high temperature type (optimum temperature above 35 ℃) e.g. Coleosoma octomaculatum,Tetragnatha praedo-nia,T. vermifarmis and Neoscona holmi; (5) survival rate of spiderling in majority is most high in temperature range from 25℃ to 32 ℃ ; (6) life span of adult spider is positively relative to body size and negatively relative to temperature; and (8): low temperature under 20 ℃ can increase the moulting times of some species spiderling.