长白山暗针叶林建群种竞争关系的研究

STUDY ON COMPETITION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFICATORS IN DARK CONIFER FOREST IN THE CHANGBAI MOUNTAINS

根据野外调查数据,利用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型,定量地研究了长白山暗针叶林内主要建群种(以鱼鳞云杉为例)的种内、种间竞争关系.结果表明:暗针叶林中鱼鳞云杉种内竞争强度随着林木径级的增大而迅速减小.也就是说,在暗针叶林内,鱼鳞云杉种群由于自然调节的作用,随着林木径级的增大,林木因自然稀疏过程导致部分个体死亡,加大了株间距离,因此对光、温、水等生态条件及资源的竞争强度降低.暗针叶林内鱼鳞云杉种内种间竞争强度的顺序为:鱼鳞云杉—鱼鳞云杉>鱼鳞云杉—臭冷杉>鱼鳞云杉—红松>鱼鳞云杉—长白落叶松>鱼鳞云杉—岳桦>鱼鳞云杉—杂木.鱼鳞云杉种内种间竞争强度可用幂函数关系CI=AD-B(其中CI为竞争强度;D为对象木胸径;A、B为参数)表示,并可模拟和预测鱼鳞云杉种内种间竞争强度.从预测结果中发现:当鱼鳞云杉胸径达到35cm后,竞争强度变得很小,且变化幅度不大,说明此时该生态系统已基本上达到稳定状态.这可为暗针叶林的经营管理提供依据,即在鱼鳞云杉胸径达到35cm之前辅以必要的人工管理措施,以期使得该生态系统尽快达到稳定状态.

According to the field investigation data, the intraspecific and interspecific competition of Picea jezoensis in dark conifer forest in the Changbai Mountains was studied by using Hegyi's competition index model for individual tree. The results showed that intraspecific competition intensity of Picea jezoensis reduced with increase of diameter scale of trees. In the forest,the order of competition intensity is:Picea jezoensis-Picea jezoensis>Picea jezoensis-Abies nephrolepis>Picea jezoensis-Pinus koraiensis>Picea jezoensis-Larix olgensis>Picea jezoensis-Betula ermanii>Picea jezoensis-hard woods. The relationship between competition intensity and individual size of objective trees closely follows the equation CI=AD-B. Based on the equation, competition intensity in the forest is simulated. It is found that the ecosystem reaches stable stage once Picea jezoensis diameter at breast height attains more than 35 cm. At the same time, some conclusions and suggestions are proposed. It is proved that Hegyi's competition model for individual tree can provide quantitative index for research on intraspecific and interspecific relationship in plant population ecology. Fig 2, Tab 4, Ref 10