可生物降解塑料聚-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的研究与发展

Research and Development of Biodegradable Plastics Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)

目前全球生产的化学合成塑料已超过1亿t/a,由于多数合成塑料制品很难在自然界中降解,且废旧塑料回收、运输、处理和利用效率都很低,造成了日益严重的环境污染问题,因此世界各国都在开展对生物降解性塑料的研究。PHB作为一种微生物合成塑料,具有比重大、光学活性好、透氧性低、抗紫外线辐射、生物可降解性、生物组织相容性、压电性和抗凝血性等特点,可望在电子、光学、生物医学等高技术领域中获得应用。

At present, more than 100 million tons of petrochemical synthesized plastics are produced annually in the world. Since most of them are very difficult to be degraded naturally and recovery, transport, treatment and utilization of waste plastics are non-efficiently, these non-degradable materials are doing more and more serious harm to the environment. So research works focus on the biodegradable plastics in many countries of the world. As a plastics synthesized by microorganisms, PHB has many nice characteristics such as high density, good activity on optics, low permeability of oxygen, anti-ultraviolet radiation, biodegradability, compatibility for bio-organisms, piezoelectric effect and anti-coagulation etc. It should be widely used in high-tech field such as electric, optic and bio-medical regions.