基本养老保险可持续发展初探

An Analysis of Sustainable Development of Old-age Pensions

我国社会养老保险制度由“现收现付制”改为“统账结合制”后 ,由于历史和现实的原因 ,其可持续发展面临诸多问题 :个人账户有名无实 ,空账运转 ;收缴率连年下降 ,入不敷出 ;地区分布不均 ,制约了统筹层次的提高 ,限制了基金的调剂功能 ;基金保值增值手段单一等。对策是增加基本养老保险体制外的财政投入 ;提高收缴率 ;鼓励和扶持养老保险基金进行中长期投资 ,增收节支 ;加快省级统筹步伐 ,实现统一管理 。

China's Sustainable development of old-age pensions is confronted with various problems arising out of the operational change from “accounting on the cash basis' to “the social fund plus indvidual account system' as well as historical and realistic reasons. Typical problems are individual accounts being nominal, income falling short of expenditure, regional distributions being unbalanced, the enhancement of overall planning and the regulation of funds being restricted, and finally, the means to countervail inflation and create increments being inflexible. It is suggested that investment outside the old-age pensions be increased, that medium-term and long-term investment with old-age pensions be encouraged and supported to increase income, that expenses be cut down, and that overall planning at the provincial level be materialized as soon as possible to insure unified management and efficient operations.