小型飞行器机载计算机的余度设计技术

On Designing the Difficult-to-Implement RPV Computer

针对小型飞行器的特殊使用环境 ,从余度数目 ,余度级别 ,余度结构及余度管理策略等方面提出机载计算机余度设计原则 ,并以某机载计算机为例 ,给出功能模块级双余度系统的具体实现方法。在多种小型飞行器的几百小时飞行中 ,无论是姿态平稳度 ,控制精度 ,还是可靠度 ,都取得了较好的效果。实践证明 ,该方法有效地解决了小型飞行器机载计算机体积小、重量轻、成本低、电磁环境复杂和可靠性指标高之间的矛盾 。

In designing RPV (remotely piloted vehicle) computer, we must consider the following factors: (1) small volume, (2) light weight, (3) low cost, (4) complex electromagnetic environment, (5) high reliability, (6) feasibility of implementation. We found that these six factors presented a number of contradictions that made the design a difficult one; we had to utilize redundancy design technique to achieve a good and implementable design. For each function, we employed two identical modules; this bi redundancy assured high reliability of our RPV computer. In subsection 2.2, we discussed how to diagnose faults and how to locate them. In subsection 2.3, we discussed how to isolate the faults and how to reconfigure the RPVcomputer (connect its still functioning parts together) so that it functions smoothly without interruption. The flight stability, control accuracy and reliability of the RPV computer so designed and implemented has been satisfactory since May 1999 for hundreds of hours of flight on many types of RPV.