中国粮食作物气候资源利用效率及其提高的途径

Climatic Resources Utilization Coefficiency of Cereal Crops in China and Development Measures

计算出全国粮食作物气候资源利用效率 ,并提出热量利用效率概念。中国粮食作物光能利用率平均为 0 .14% ,热量利用效率平均为 0 .87kg/(℃· d)· hm2 ,降水量利用效率平均为 5.2 5kg/mm·hm2。粮食作物气候资源利用效率的地区性差异明显 ,北方高于南方。光、热、水资源利用效率有不同的特点。光、热、水的数量、分配与作物需求较协调的地区利用效率高。光、热、水条件有相互制约利用效率的作用。复种提高了全年气候资源利用效率。

In this paper, climatic resources utilization coefficiency of cereal crops in China has been calculated for the first time, and a conception of heat utilization efficiency is developed. The utilization efficiency of light is 0.14%, that of heat is 0.87kg/(℃·d·hm 2) and that of precipitation is 5.25kg/(mm·hm 2) in cereal crops in China. The climatic resources utilization coefficiency of cereal crops have a great difference among regions, which is higher in the north than in the south. The utilization coefficiency of light, heat, and water have different features. The utilization coefficiency is high in regions where the quantity and distribution of light, heat, water meet the needs of crops. The conditions of light, heat, water and utilization coefficiency have an inhibitory effect with each other. Mulliple cropping has improved annual climatic resources utilization coefficiency. The measures to increase climatic resources utilization coefficency of cereal crops are described.