土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦氮素分配利用及产量的影响

EFFECT OF SOIL WATER STRESS ON NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION, UTILIZATION AND YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT

在防雨棚池栽条件下研究了土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦氮素分配利用及产量的影响。结果表明：随土壤水分胁迫加重，植株将吸收的氮素较多地分配于根系，分配于地上部的比率少，肥料氮利用率降低，土壤残留率增高，回收率增高，损失率降低。但轻度、中度水分胁迫，有利于氮素向籽粒转移，水分过多，氮素较多地分配至茎叶、鞘等营养器官，较少分配至籽粒。随水分胁迫加重，氮素利用效率降低。底施氮肥利于植株吸收利用，且为土壤固定，损失率较低，所以底施氮肥利用效率高于追施氮肥。因此，在旱作麦田应重视底肥的施用。

The effect of soil water stress on nitrogen distribution,utilization and yield in winter wheat have been studied in pondlet culture with rain proof shelter.The results show that with the increase of water stress,more nitrogen absorbed was distributed in root system than in above ground plant,the utilization ratio and loss rate of fertilizer nitrogen decreased,the remainder rate and recovery rate of fertilizer nitrogen increased.However,light and middle water stress accelerate the translocation of nitrogen to kernel,with more water supply,the nitrogen distributed in vegetative organ was more than that in kernel and the nitrogen utilization efficiency decreased.The utilization efficiency of nitrogen used in basal fertilizer is higher than that in top fertilizer.It is concluded that the application of basal nitroger fertilizer should be paid more attention in dry land wheat production.