我国临床心理学工作现状调查与展望

A Survey of Current Status on Clinical Psychological Work in China and Look into Its Future

对３０个省市和所属地市中有心理学系、心理学教研室的高等院校和精神病医院和儿保等机构共１，４３４个寄发了调查表，回收４５７份，回收率为３２％，调查心理测验、心理咨询与治疗和从业人员情况。结果表明常用心理测验共２２种，其中用得最广的前五种为ＷＩＳＣ，ＥＰＱ，ＷＡＩＳ－ＲＣ，ＭＭＰＩ和ＷＰＰＳＩ，各测验应用最多的是医院（占全体的７０．６％），用途最多的为医疗方面（５０％），其次为教育和科研（各占２３．７％）。常用心理治疗方法有行为、认知、支持、精神分析和森田疗法等９种，常治的心理障碍有强迫症、恐怖症、焦虑症等２２种。在调查４５７个单位中有３３５个开展了心理咨询服务，近一年的求助者计８８，１９０人。求助的问题计１８种，依次为个人健康问题（２１．８％），一般人际关系（１５．３％），爱情问题（１０．５％）等。现在从业人员从测验、心理治疗至咨询三项工作来看，专业原为心理学的少（分别为８．３％，２．３％和７．２％），为临床医学的占最大多数（分别为７６．３％，８７．３％和７９．４％）。接受了临床心理系统训练的人数在１０％以内，接受短期专业训练占最大多数（９０％左右）。根据调查结果对这些工作作了展望。

The purpose of the present study is to conduct a comprehensive survey of clinical psychological work in China and make suggestions on its future development.of the 1,434 questionnaires sent out to various psychology departments,teaching and research sections,psychiatric hospitals and child health centers,457 were returned,with a return rate of 32%. Results included the following areas:(1)Testing:The top five most frequently used tests were WISC, EPQ, WAIS-RC,MMPI and WPPSI.In general,tests were most frequently used in hospitals(70.6%).(2)Treatment modalities and psychological disorders:There were nine frequently used treatement modalities,including behavioral,cognitive and cognitive behavioral,supportive,psychoanalytic and Morita.Some examples of the 22 frequently encountered psychological disorders were obsessive-compulsive disorder,phobias and anxiety disorders.Three hundred and thirty-five of the 475 units surveyed have their own psychological counseling services,with 88,190 clients being seen in the past year.The clients’problems ranged from the health(21.8%)and interpersonal relationships(15.3%),to marital conflicts(8.6%)and job related stress(6.9%).(3)Training of professionals:Relatively few came from psychology departments,and the majority were from the field of medicine.Less than 10%of our sample have completed a systematic clinical psychology training program,most of whom(about 90%)received only shortterm professional training from 1-12 months. In view of the increasing need for clinical psychological services in China,it is hoped that postgraduate clinical psychology training programs will be established in universities in the near future. At the same time,there should be further training for the current group of professionals.With the eventual establishment of the statutory status of clinical psychology,recognition of the profession will follow and clinical psychological work in China will be further and more speedily developed.