不同育种途径育成的矮生豇豆新品系的比较研究

Comparative Studies on Dwarf Varieties of Asparagus Beau Bred by Different Breeding Methods

本试验以经引种、选种、杂交育种和辐射育种４种不同育种途径育成的矮生豇豆新品系及其亲本为试验材料，对其熟性、经济性状、产量和品质进行比较，并对其过氧化氨酶同工酶、淀粉酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶进行了酶谱分析，结果表明：经重组育种而成的新品系（４４×５８－１－１和４４×５８－１－７）表现优良，与对照美国地豆相比具有极显著的优势，有望成为优良的矮生豇豆新品种．经选种而成的新品系（ＭＤ－２－１、ＭＤ－３－７）和经辐射育种而成新品系（辐Ｄ－１－２）表现其次，与对照美国地豆相比优势不太明显．经辐射育种而获得的新品系（辐Ｄ－２－４）具有与亲本迥异的荚色等，可作为育种和遗传研究的材料．经同工酶酶谱分析，各新品系之间及其与亲本间有较明显的差别，说明其遗传基础发生了变化．

The experiment materials are dwarfvarieties bred by 4 different breeding methods, i. e introduction, selection, cross breeding and induced breeding, and their parent. 'Meiguodidou' is the check. Their early maturity, economic characters, yield and commercial quantities were compared, and also their isozymes patterns. The results showed that two new strains named '44×58-1- -l' and '44×58-l-7' by cross breeding are superior in early maturity, soft pods, long pods and high yield, etc. They could be bred into new fine varieties. The other 2 strains named 'MD-2-l' and' MD-3-7' by selection and 1 strain named 'Fu D-l-2' are not the best. 'Fu D-2-4' has quite different characters with its parent and a new germplasm is created. The isozymes patterns are different from each other. The genotypes of the new bred strains may be changed.