福建土壤退化类型、特征与持续农业

Type and Character of Soil Degradation and Sustainable Agriculture in Fujian Province

分析了福建土壤退化的类型，探讨了土壤污染化、土壤侵蚀化及土壤贫瘠化的地域分异特征，提出要发展持续农业，加强土壤资源保育。研究结果表明：（１）污染土壤的Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｈｇ，Ａｓ的平均含量分别比对照土壤高出０．８，１．０，１．９，０．９，１．３，１．２和０．２倍。（２）不同土地利用方式耕地重金属污染的差异较明显。（３）耕地化肥与农药用量的逐年增加，已经给农业生产带来一定影响。（４）土壤侵蚀面积有不断发展之势，且不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度差异很大，矿山、基建等用地侵蚀面积和强度大，其次是未成林造林地、茶园，而牧草地和林地的土壤侵蚀比例相对较低。（５）耕地土壤养分含量，特别是有机质含量大大低于相应的自然土壤，耕垦后土壤氮素含量将普遍减少。从Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ亏缺的地区差异看，农田土壤养分的缺乏是较严重的。

The types of soil degradation in Fujian province were analysed,the regional differenti ation of soil erosion, soil pollution and soil impoverishment were discussed, and to develop sustainable agriculture and strengthen the conservation of soil resource were presented. The research results show that: (1)The average contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg and As in polluted soil are 0.8, 1.0, 1.9, 0.9, 1.3, 1.2 and 0.2 times as large as that in nonpolluted soil. (2) There are evident differences for cultivated land polluted by heavy metals in different landuse types. (3) The increasing year after year for amount of fertility and farm chemical in soil has influenced agricultural production. (4) Soil erosion area has been developing since 1956, and the soil erosion intensity has evident differences in different land use types. It is the heaviest for soil erosion in the mine land and the capital construction land, heavier in nongrown forest land and tea garden, and light in grass land and forest land. (5) The nutrient content of cultivated land especially the organic matter content is low greatly than that of natural land, and the content of N will decrease after soil had been cultivated. The shortages of soil nutrients in farmland are serious on the point of regional differences for the short of N, P and K.