摘要
通过对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区典型小流域洞穴系统应用烟幕弹进行调查和实际观测揭示了黄土洞穴系统水流的水文特性：产流初始时间、水流峰值特性、水流历时，以及黄土洞穴系统的不稳定对洞穴水流不文特性的影响等。洞穴水流流量与降雨特性没有显著的相关关系。洞穴水流流量对试验区域产流量的贡献为４２．９％～５２．５％，稍高于其面积所占比例。黄土地区的深层洞穴的形成主要与灾害性暴雨有关。
Based on detailed monitoring of tunnel systems, it was found that tunnel flow hydrological processes were characterized by a quick response to rainfall, an early flow peak, and a short duration. Tunnel system in this area is characterized with great instabilities, which could exert profound impacts on tunnel flow hydrology. Tunnel discharge is not significantly related to rainfall parameters. At least 429% of the total basin water discharge was routed through tunnel systems. The loess tunnel system are likely formed in some catastrophic storms and expanded in subsequent storms.
