有顶盖衬砌渠道、涵管及卧管的最佳宽深比研究

Best Proportion of Width and Depth Between Sealed Square Lining Canal and Inclined Pipe Intake or Culvert

淤地坝放水工程中的卧管及涵管，可视为有顶盖的衬砌渠道。认为水力最佳断面不能适用于有顶盖的衬砌渠道，提出了有顶盖衬砌渠道最佳宽深比的定义，并在此定义的基础上提出了计算最佳宽深比的公式。该公式可用于矩形断面、有顶盖（平顶及拱顶）的衬砌渠道。当净高分别是均匀流水深的４／３倍和３．５倍时，平顶衬砌渠道的最佳宽深比分别为１．４４５和３．１３４，拱顶为１．７４５，所建公式可应用于类似的建筑物，例如集水廊道等。

The inclined pipe intake and culvert in the drainage works of silttrap dam can be regarded as sealed lining canal. The article considers best hydraulic cross section to be unsuitable for sealed lining canal. A definition of best ratio of width and depth is pointed out, which results in formula calculating the best ratio of width and depth. The formula can be available for rectangle square section lining canal, sealed lining canal (level or arch). When the net hight is 4/3, 3.5 times of that uniform flow, the best ratio of the level lining canal is 1.445, 3.134 respectively, the arch lining canal is 1.745, also the formula can be used in the calculation of similar building, such as gallery ect.