摘要
在人工降雨条件下，研究了黄土残塬区坡耕地（≤１５°）细沟形成的机制和产流产沙特征，提出了积水是影响细沟侵蚀的重要因子，认为坡面薄层均匀流汇集和洞穴灌入水均是积水的特殊形式，并根据积水形成与汇集特征将细沟划分为漫流汇集型、积水渗漏汇集型、洞穴积水诱发型、积水穿洞汇集型和积水溢流汇集型５类，分析了不同细沟类型的侵蚀特征及其对坡面侵蚀总量的贡献。同时指出积水受多种因素的控制，主要是降雨特征、坡度和耕作措施。
The mechanism of rill formation and characteristics of sediment and runoff field on the slope farmland in the loess plateau by simulated rainfall experiment were studied. The accumulating water is important factor effected on rill erosion.Even sheet flow and water filled with small hole is considered as two special forms of accumulating water,and based on formation and catchment of accumulating water,rill is divided into five type: sheet flow catchment,seepage catchment,hole water inducing,holing catchment and overflow water.Also,this paper analysis the characteristics of rill erosions and its contribution to water erosion in the farmland.The characteristics of rainfall,gradient of slope,tillage methods is regard as major factors to control accumulating water and rill erosion.
基金
"八五"国家攻关项目
关键词
黄土残塬区
人工降雨
积水
细沟侵蚀
坡耕地
形成机制
loess broken plateau area
artificial rainfall
accumulating water
rill erosion
slope farmland
