摘要
In the present paper, RAPD was used to study the genetic polymorphism of fisheswith different genome combinations. Our results indicated that four of the 26 random primersproduced distinct and reproducible electrophoretic patterns which were genome-specific andcould distinguish different biotypes. This enabled us to derive a diagnostic profile, from whichwe constructed a molecular marker key for different biotypes. By the analysis of the data ofRAPD patterns, the genetic relationship was constructed with UPGMA (unweighted pair-groupmethod with arithmetical averages). Our experiments also concluded that RAPD was moresuccessful in variety identification than protein polymorphism analysis and serohematology for itstechnological simplicity and sensitivity.
利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对不同基因组合的鱼类进行了基因组指纹图谱构建，在ＤＮＡ水平上对基因组成分进行了分析，探讨了其遗传多态性。ＲＡＰＤ结果发现，在２６个随机引物扩增的产物中，平均每个个体观察到约１４２个ＲＡＰＤ标记，单个引物获得的标记平均为５．４。其中４个引物扩增的图谱可将不同的生物型区分开：Ｓ－２６引物的扩增图谱（Ｆｉｇ．１）可将红鲫（ＲＡ）与其它组合区分开，还可将鲤鲫杂种一倍体（ＣＡ）与鲫鲤杂种三倍体（ＣＡＡ）和人工复合三倍体鲤（ＣＣＡ）区分开；Ｓ－８引物（Ｆｉｇ．２）可区分开红鲤（ＲＣ）和镜鲤（ＭＣ）；Ｓ－４５引物（Ｆｉｇ．３）可区分开ＲＣ和ＣＡ；Ｓ－２２引物则可区分开ＣＡＡ和ＣＣＡ。六种生物型均存在基因组特异性的图谱即各自独特的“诊断性”图谱，作者由此建立了详细的分子标记检索表（Ｔａｂｌｅ１）。通过对ＲＡＰＤ图谱的量化分析，利用ＵＰＧＭＡ构建了不同生物型的遗传关系树图；反映了鲤鲫及各种组合生物型之间的遗传相似关系：ＲＣ和ＭＣ属同一种系，聚为一族；ＣＡＡ和ＣＡ基因组类型相同，聚为一族；ＣＣＡ虽自成一体，但可与ＣＡＡ和ＣＡ聚为一族；而ＲＡ与其它组合遗传距离较远，自成一族。
