中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅱ.中国蕨科

Spore morphology of pteridophytes from China Ⅱ. Sinopteridaceae

利用扫描电镜对国产中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae植物 9属 61种 6变种的孢子进行了观察。结果表明 ,该科植物的孢子可分为 3种类型 :( 1 )孢子球形 ,三裂缝 ;周壁较厚 ,疏松地包在孢子之外 ;外壁光滑 ,表面纹饰由周壁形成 ,呈网状、嵴状、刺状或皱状。除金粉蕨属Onychium和珠蕨属Cryptogramma外 ,该科其他属的植物都具此类型孢子。 ( 2 )孢子钝三角形 ,三裂缝 ;周壁较薄 ,由周壁和外壁共同形成表面轮廓 ,表面具疣状或颗粒状纹饰。具此类型孢子的只有珠蕨属。 ( 3)孢子钝三角形 ,三裂缝 ,沿裂缝两侧各有一脊状隆起或瘤状纹饰 ;周壁薄 ,由外壁形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓 ;具赤道环、近极脊和远极脊。具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。另外 ,从孢粉学的角度对该科的分类和系统演化进行了探讨。

Spores of 61 species and 6 varieties in 9 genera of the Sinopteridaceae were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on surface ornamentation and other features, the spores of the Sinopteridaceae are divided into three types. In type Ⅰ, the exospore is smooth and the surface ornamentation, which is reticulate, cristate, echinate or rugate, is formed by the perispore. All the other genera of this family, except for Onychium and Cryptogramma, have this pattern of spores. In type Ⅱ, the surface ornamentation is formed by both perispore and exospore. This pattern is found only in Cryptogramma. In type Ⅲ, the perispore is thin and the surface ornamentation is formed by the exospore. Onychium is characterized by this type of spores. Those genera with spores of type Ⅰ of the Sinopteridaceae seem to be closely related to each other and should be natural members of this family. The systematic position of Cryptogramma and Onychium, with spores of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ respectively, however, should be reconsidered. Aleuritopteris might be the most primitive member of the Sinopteridaceae from the evidence of spore morphology.