农田不同培肥措施的节水增产试验研究

Experimental Study on Yield improving and Water saving Effects of Several Soil Fertilization Systems

针对华北平原水资源严重不足的实际情况 ,开展了不同培肥模式的节水增产试验研究 ,结果表明 ,玉米秸、麦秸全部还田与单独麦秸还田比较 ,全生育期冬小麦夏玉米共增产 4 77.72 kg/hm2 ,增产幅度为3.6 2 %。耗水量则是冬小麦季全还耗水量高于麦还 ,夏玉米季的耗水量全还低于麦还 ,二季总耗水量则表现为全还大于麦还 ,而且水分利用效率也是全还大于麦还。综合各种施氮水平与还田模式 ,适合当地的最佳培肥模式为 :全还 + N2 +有机肥 ,冬小麦夏玉米全生育期耗水总量为 778.34 mm,水分利用效率为 1 9.0 0kg/( hm2· mm)。

Water resource shortage in North China is serious. A experiment studying yield improving and water saving effects of several soil fertilization patterns were carried out. The results showed that yield on field with all corn and wheat straw kept down and tilled into soil(referred as Treat A) is 477.72 kg/hm 2 higher than that on field with only wheat straw kept down and tilled into soil(referred as Treat B), a raising of 3.62%. The water consumption in Treat A was higher than that in Treat B in winter wheat season, and was opposite in summer corn season. Total Water consumption of winter wheat and summer corn in Treat A was higher than that in Treat B, but the water use efficiency values in two treats is nearly the same. On the experimental data, optimum fertilization pattern can be set up as: all straw kept down and tilled into soil + N2 level + organic fertilizer. Under this fertilization pattern, total water consumption of two growing seasons were 778.34 mm, and water use efficiencies were 19.00 kg/(hm 2·mm).