耕地保护的一般原则与模式研究

The General Principles and Model of Cultivated Land Protection

耕地保护的根本目标是养活未来人口 ,它是直接服务于农业生产的农田及立法、管理、监测等手段的总和 .供给与需求平衡、土地可持续管理是耕地保护的基本原则 .提出基于 4S技术、维护农田质、量的保护模式 .选择无锡市马山镇作为研究区 ,对耕地保护的原则、模式进行验证 .最后 ,认为耕地保护必须考虑未来人口饮食结构的变化 ,强调质量保护的作用 ,实行分区、分阶段、差别对待 ,注重自身的可持续性 ,考虑农户的收入、WTO冲击和政策变化的影响 .

Cultivated land is the most precious and fragile resource. Nowadays, the balance among cultivated land, food and population is one of the most concerned problems. With the increasing population and developing economy, the problem becomes more penetrating. To keep some quantity and quality cultivated land is becoming more and more essential for national sustainable development. Based on internal and abroad research, the author puts forward a new definition of cultivated land protection. Then, the author puts out two basic principles of cultivated land protection- the balance between supply & demand and land sustainable management, as well as the general model of cultivated land protection. This author takes Mashan as the studied area, where the general principles and model of cultivated land protection was applied in practice, discusses the quantity and quality change of cultivated land from 1992 to 1999, and points out the human driving force of cultivated land change. According to the general model of cultivated land protection, the author forecasts the least mount of cultivated land in 2030, which is the year of the greatest population. Finally, the author reflects upon some problems in practice and draws some conclusions as follows: (1)The forecast of the mount of cultivated land protection must consider the change of food structure in the future; (2)The protection must emphasizes the importance of cultivated land quality; (3)The protection task must carry out different treatments auording to distinct periods & regions; and (4)The protection must consider its own sustainability farmers' income, the influence of WTO, policy changes and so on.