西北地区水资源合理开发利用与生态环境保护研究

Study on a Rational Development and Utilization of Water Resources and Environment Protection in the Northwest Region

“九五”国家重点科技攻关计划“西北地区水资源合理开发利用与生态环境保护研究”项目,以西北地区水资源合理配置、水资源承载能力、生态保护准则及生态需水为攻关突破口,开展了跨部门、多学科的联合攻关,取得了十项主要研究成果:提出了内陆河流域的水资源二元演化模式,提出了基于二元模式的水资源评价层次化体系,提出了干旱区水分—生态相互作用机理,建立了干旱区生态需水量的计算方法,提出了针对西北生态脆弱地区的水资源合理配置方案,提出了干旱区水资源承载能力计算方法及重点区不同发展阶段的水资源承载力,绘制了土地利用和生态系统分布图,系统地进行了1/3国土面积上的水资源评价,提出了地下水资源量及其分布和可开采量及其分布,提出了西北地区水资源可持续利用的整体战略。

Study on a rational development and utilization of water resources and environment protection in the northwest region is a project included in the National Program for Tackling Key Scientific and Technological Problems of the 'Ninth Five-Year Plan'. The project targets at issues of reasonable relocation of water resources, sus-tainability of water resources, principle of ecological protection and ecological water demand in northwest region with a joint effort of many departments and subjects, and has achieved ten study results including: two-dimensional evolution pattern of water resources of inland river basins, grading system of water resources assessment based on two-dimensional evolution pattern, interaction mechanism of moisture and ecology in dry area, establishment of a calculation method of ecological water demand in dry area, a reasonable relocation of water resources regarding to ecological fragile areas, calculation methods of water resources sustainability in dry area and water resources sustainability of different development stages of the focus areas, compile of distribution maps of land use and ecological system, water resources assessment for 1/3 of the land area, total groundwater resources and its distribution, available yield and its distribution, and an overall strategy of sustainable utilization of water resources in the northwest region.