摘要
自然资源的可持续利用正日益受到关注,尤其在关系到能量和全球碳循环方面更是如此。高生物量作物在提高土壤和水资源质量的同时可以弥补矿物燃料的消耗,并减少CO_2在温室气体中的份额。本文回顾了关于高生物量作物的研究,重点讨论其具体的特性及其对土壤和水资源质量的影响。世界各地的资料都有所考虑,但着重点主要是美国高生物量作物种植的最新研究成果。对资料的研究表明,这对于土壤和水资源质量的短期改变很有前景,但响应各异。表土中有机质含量的升高、土壤侵蚀的减弱、地表径流中养分流失的下降已在短期的研究中得到论证。我们总结认为,尽管有益的潜势已得以体现,但土壤质量与高生物量作物种植密切联系,决定其长期变化的相关资料还不完备。
Sustainable use of natural resources continues to gain attention, especially in relation to energy and global carbon cycles. Biomass crops may offset fossil fuels and reduce CO2 contributions to greenhouse gases while improving soil and water quality. We review research on biomass crops, with emphasis on their specific characteristics and how their production can affect soil and water quality. Data from regions throughout the world are included, but the focus is primarily on recent research results from biomass crop production in the United States. Research to date shows promising short-term changes in soil and water quality, but responses vary. Short-term studies have demonstrated increases in surface soil organic-matter content, reduction in erosion and nutrient losses in surface runoff. We conclude that while the potential for benefits is present, data are not yet available to determine the long-term changes in soil quality associated with production of biomass crops.
