黄河下游河道输沙規律及小浪底水库对下游河道减淤作用分析

An Analysis of the Sediment Transport laws of lower reaches of The Yellow River and the effect of The Xiaolangdi Reservoir in reducing aggradation of the bed level

本文根据黄河下游多年实测资料,分析了水流流量、含沙量以及泥沙粒径、河床形态等因素对下游河道输沙能力的影响,探讨了黄河下游河道的输沙规律,并以三门峡水库投入运用后下游实测资料,利用多元回归分析方法,建立并验证了全下游河道输沙率关系式。本文根据黄河下游河道的输沙特性,对小浪底水库的运用方式提出三个方案,分析了不同运用方式对减轻下游河道淤积的作用。结果表明,只要运用得当,减淤效果显著,在水库最初25年运用期内可使下游河道减淤近67亿吨,相当于下游河道17年以上的淤积量,水库拦沙减淤比可达1.1∶1。

Through analysing the long-term observational hydrographic data, the Paper discusses the sediment transport laws of the lower reaches of The Yellow River, and bounds rerifies new sediment flux formu las of the lower reaches. The Xiaolangdi Peservoir in designing is 131 Km. apart from The SanmenGorge Reservoir, on the lower reach of The Yellow River. Its mai functions are to control flood and reduce aggradation of the bed level. According to the sediment trasport lows of the lower reaches,the paper brings up three operation proposals of the reservoir,and analyses the effect of each proposal. The result shows that if the reservoir is operated properly, it is notably effective in reducing sediment of the lower reaches of The Yellow River.