武汉东湖风景区旅游环境容量初步研究

ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY FOR TOURISM IN EAST LAKE SCENIC SPOT OF WUHAN CITY

武汉东湖风景区是国家级风景名胜区 ,近年来 ,由于游客量大增 ,旅游环境受到污染与破坏 ,严重影响旅游环境气氛与质量。运用有关旅游环境容量的理论与方法 ,分析了东湖风景区旅游环境与旅游环境容量问题的出现与原因 ,并以土地与景区构成为基础 ,计算得出其旅游环境容量为每年2 350万人次 ,每天为 64393人次 ,同时最大游客在园量为 160 58人。经比较 ,东湖风景区目前每年和每天的实际游客量远小于其环境容量 ,但由于游客时空分布不均 ,淡季冷清 ,旺季拥挤 ,特别是旺季中午前后的同时游客在园量可达 2 50 0 0人 ,远大于其容量 ,且集中分布于建筑园林区。研究表明 ,东湖风景区的旅游环境容量现状是 :建筑园林区处于饱和、过饱和状态 ,自然风景公园与水上公园远未饱和。因此 ,大力开发林地、水面 ,改善旅游环境 ,搞好淡季促销 ,是东湖风景区调整旅游环境容量 ,实施可持续发展战略的基本措施。

East Lake is a national scenic spot in Wuhan city and the environment capacity for tourism is very important to its sustainable development.The environment pollution and destruction become much more serious because of the crowded tourists in summer.According to the estimation,the tourism environment capacity in this scenic spot has been determined to be 23.5 million people every year and 64 393 people everyday.In spite of its under-saturation as a whole,the tourism environment capacity is saturated in summer and the capacity at some architectural garden areas is over-saturated because the tourist distribution is not uniform in time and space.So,the basic measures for sustainable development in the scenic spot are to develop water areas and forests,to improve tourism environment and to attract tourists in winter.