我国4个大城市空气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)污染及其化学组成

Concentrations and elemental components of PM_(2.5) ,PM_(10) in ambient air in four large chinese cities

报告了 1 995～ 1 996年在中国的广州、武汉、兰州、重庆 4大城市 8个采样点 PM2 .5 、PM2 .5～ 1 0 和 PM1 0 的监测结果。结果表明 ,1 995年 PM2 .5 年均值浓度为 57～ 1 60 μg/m3,比美国 1 997年颁布的标准值 (1 5μg/m3)高 2 .8～ 9.7倍。PM1 0 年日均值为 95～ 2 73μg/m3。除武汉市 1个对照点外 ,其余 7个监测点的 PM1 0 均超过我国空气质量二极标准 (1 0 0μg/m3)2 8%～ 1 73 % ,比美国标准 (50μg/m3)超过更多 ,说明污染是相当严重的。用 XRF分析了 PM2 .5 、PM2 .5～ 1 0 中 4 2种化学元素 ,结果表明 ,燃煤、燃油和其它工业污染的元素 As、Pb、Se、Zn、Cu、Cl、Br、S在这些颗粒物中有明显富集 ,特别是在PM2 .5 中的富集倍数达数十倍至数万倍 。

Data of PM 2 5 , PM 2 5～10 and PM 10 in 8 sites of the 4 cities in China, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Lanzhou and Chongqing, from 1995 to 1996 were collected The results show that 1995's annual average values of PM 2 5 are between 57～160μg/m 3, which is 2 8～9 7 times higher than America standard that announced in 1997(15μg/m 3) Annual daily average values are between 95～273μg/m 3 Except for the suburban site in Wuhan, the concentration of PM 10 in the rest 7 sites are 28%～173% higher than the second class of the Chinese air quality standard (100μg/m 3), even more than the America standard (50μg/m 3) This implies that the air pollution in the 4 cities of China is rather serious 42 elements in PM 2 5 , PM 2.5～10 are analyzed by XRF It shows that As, Pb, Se, Zn, Cu, Cl, Br, S, which are typical coal burning, oil burning or other industrial pollution elements are significantly enriched in particle matter Especially, the enrichment factor in PM 2 5 can reach to more than 10 to 10 thousand times It is very dangerous to human health