白云鄂博稀土、铌钽矿物及其成因探讨

Genesis of Rare Earths, Niobium and Tantalum Minerals in Bayan Obo Ore Deposit of China

云鄂博矿床赋存于元古代地层中。本文具体描述了矿物在矿床内的部位和产状 ,区别出地层矿物和地层后的矿物 ,其中的热液交代现象具明显成矿特征。依据大地构造、岩浆活动、矿物共生组合、热液交代、成矿地质时代和持续时间等因素 ,认为稀土铌钽矿物成因是来自深源的 ,硅酸碳酸岩浆演化分异的成矿热液 ,伴随着构造运动 ,侵入交代元古代地层 。

Bayan Obo ore deposit is endowed with and lies in the Proterozoic strata. The localities and occurrences of these minerals in the ore deposit were described. It is obviously that some minerals are strata minerals and some are post strata minerals. The rare earths, niobium and tantalum minerals are exactly the post strata minerals. In these minerals the hydrothermal metasomatic phenomena distinctly reveal their characteristics of metallogeny. According to tectonic movement, magma activity, mineral paragenesis, hydrothermal metasomatism, geological age and lasting time scale of metallogenesis, and some other factors, it is supposed that genesis of rare earths, niobium and tantalum minerals in Bayan Obo ore deposit are closely related with hydrothermal metallogenic solution, differentiated from silica acid and carbonic acid magma and derived from deep seated source, which intrude into and metasomatize Proterozoic strata. It is recognized that the metallogenesis of Bayan Obo ore deposit is undergoing a long geological period and much more episode.