职业紧张对巡警和刑警心理健康的影响

Effect of Occupational Stress on Mental Health of Patrolmen and Criminal Policemen

目的 探讨警察暴露的职业紧张因素及其对心理健康的影响。方法 采用职业紧张问卷对某市公安局巡警支队和刑警支队的全体男性警察进行了职业紧张因素和紧张反应调查 ,并对紧张反应进行了逐步回归分析。结果 兼职、工作冲突、倒班、工作控制是刑警和巡警的主要职业紧张因素 ;自尊感、应付策略、社会支持是主要缓解因素。存在差异的紧张因素与紧张反应中 ,刑警组工作需求、工作控制、工作角色、工作负荷与责任、应付策略、社会支持、工作满意感、心理卫生、躯体不适得分高于巡警组 ;而角色模糊、组间冲突、工作前景未知性、家庭支持得分低于巡警组 ;刑警组工作满意感、躯体不适、抑郁症、日常紧张感逐步回归方程的预测力低于巡警组 ,负性情绪方程预测力高于巡警组。结论 刑警和巡警的职业紧张因素及心理健康的影响因素不同 ,紧张程度亦存在差异。

Objective The relationship between occupational stress and strain of patrolmen and criminal policemen was studied.Methods 249 patrolmen and criminal policemen were investigated using the job stress questionnaire recommended by Yu Shan fa.Results It was found that moonlighting,job person conflict,shift work,job control were the main occupational stress factors affecting both patrolmen and criminal policemen;and self respect,coping tactics and social supports were the main relievers.Among the variation of stress factors and strain responses,points of job load,responsibility,task control,job demands,job role,coping tactics,social support,job satisfaction,mental health and physical anxiety of criminal policemen were remarkably higher than those of patrolmen.However,the scores of role ambiguity,inter group conflict,perspective ambiguity,support from the family were lower than those of the patrolmen.The forecasting power of the stepwise regression equation of job satisfaction,physical anxiety,depression,daily life stress of criminal policemen were less than those of the patrolmen,but the negative feeling was greater than that of the patrolmen.Conclusions It revealed that the stress degree of patrolmen was higher than that of criminal policemen.